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攒“年味儿”：隆德花灯“扎”出幸福年******
(新春走基层)攒“年味儿”：隆德花灯“扎”出幸福年
中新网宁夏隆德1月12日电 题：攒“年味儿”：隆德花灯“扎”出幸福年
中新网记者 于晶
花灯，代表着喜庆，象征着祥和。兔年临近，宁夏固原市隆德县花灯制作技艺非遗传承人苏红章制作了一盏名为“前‘兔’似锦”的花灯，表达了花灯制作人的美好新春祝愿。
12日，记者探访隆德县花灯制作技艺非遗传承人苏红章的纯手工花灯制作工作室，感受花灯中“扎”出的浓浓“年味儿”。
这盏“前‘兔’似锦”花灯为传统手拉花灯，小兔子通体白色，眼耳口鼻都可活动，舌头贴有“金币”，意味招财进宝；腹部写有“福”字，意为福气到来；内部则采用明火为发光源，寓意兴旺红火。
苏红章制作的花灯。 受访者供图隆德花灯是一门传统手艺，采用纯手工制作，历史悠久，起源于西汉，盛于唐代，到了宋代遍及民间，是中国花灯艺术在西北地区的一支重要流派。在隆德，每到春节，家家户户门前都会挂上红红火火的花灯，表达美好期盼，祈愿幸福太平年。为了传承这门手艺，数十年间，苏红章设计花灯无数，近千张草图无一重复。
在苏红章看来，灯架是一盏花灯的灵魂。为了塑造最灵动的造型，在制作每一盏花灯之前，苏红章都要先画出草图，再根据草图，将苇料、竹料或高粱秆弯曲，用尺子精确量好距离，将不同尺寸、不同形状的材料绑扎固定，形成花灯的骨架。
“古老的花灯在骨架处的连接部分一般是用黑、白麻纸搓成纸捻子加以固定，后来为使花灯更加结实，就采用绑丝固定了。”苏红章一边制作花灯一边讲解着传承中的变化。
而变化不仅在于花灯骨架从芦苇、竹竿等变成了铁丝和钢丝，过去用来照明的蜡烛和油灯也被各色各样的彩灯所取代，糊裱花灯所用的纸张或者布匹，现在多采用丝绸、刺绣、绢布等。
说话间，一盏福禄寿三星灯的灯架就制作好了。接下来，就是剪彩纸、糊彩纸，贴流苏等工序，花灯的每处设计、每个细节，苏红章都谙熟于心。在苏红章看来，花灯承载着人们美好的愿望，因此在制作过程中，他将福禄寿等元素融入花灯中，让人们在赏花灯的同时感受到来自传统花灯和手工艺人的美好祝福。
苏红章告诉记者，扎花灯不仅是传承手工艺，也是为了留住人们记忆中的隆德。他将隆德的传统文化与花灯技艺相融合，也将这座城市许多人共同的家乡记忆藏进了手中的一盏盏花灯。一本本的画册，是他的人生记忆，也是隆德的城市记忆。
据苏红章回忆，儿时，每逢佳节，隆德夜晚的街道总是热闹的，老老少少在街边列队而站，闹花灯、马社火、舞狮……花灯伴随着传统民俗流转出不同的色彩，这些都是隆德这座城对于花灯的记忆。
“原以为随着时代的发展，老手艺会逐步淡出大众视线，没想到恰恰相反，如今还挺受市场欢迎的。”苏红章说，尽管时代在变化，工艺在进步，但传统手工艺呈现出的吉祥如意没有变，百姓对美好生活的追求没有变，节日的欢乐气氛没有变。(完)
中新网评：处理核污水绝不是日本自家私事****** 中新网北京1月19日电(蒋鲤)日本政府近日称，将于2023年春夏期间开始向海洋排放经过处理的福岛第一核电站核污水。日本罔顾国内民众及周边国家的屡屡反对，企图将核污水“一倒了之”，把一件关乎全球海洋生态环境和公众健康的事当成了自家私事。  资料图：日本福岛第一核电站。2011年，福岛核电站事故发生后，大量放射性物质泄漏到大气层和太平洋，对周围环境造成了难以逆转的伤害，数十万人被迫撤离该地区。时至今日，作为日本邻国之一的韩国仍未解除福岛海鲜禁令。 日本以核污水存储能力即将达到上限为由，在2021年4月13日，正式决定将福岛第一核电站核污水排入太平洋。过去一年多，日本政府和东京电力公司一直在持续推进核污水排海计划。 日本政府辩称，这些核污水经多核素处理系统(ALPS)处理后很安全，甚至“可以喝”，这样的表态无疑在愚弄大众。 事实上，经过处理的核污水仍含有多种放射性物质，核污水一旦排放入海就无法回收，长期来看，将会给海洋生态带来难以估量的潜在威胁，最终危害人类健康。 因此，核污水排海计划推出后，遭到日本民众强烈反对。日本《朝日新闻》2022年3月公布的问卷调查显示，福岛县、宫城县和岩手县受访的42个市町村长中，约六成反对东京电力公司福岛第一核电站核污水排放入海。日本全国渔业协会联合会也多次申明立场，反对该计划。 日本政府认为，核污水排海是最便宜、最省事的解决方案，但此举却将周边国家乃至全世界置于核污染风险中。太平洋非日本一家之海，核污水会随着洋流流动，其影响势必会跨越国界，危害周边国家乃至整个国际社会的公共福祉和利益。 《韩国经济新闻》发文称，相关研究认为，福岛核污水如果排放入海，约7个月后将到达济州等韩国海域，该国水产业和旅游业将遭受相当大的损失。 德国南极海洋机构也曾发出警告，若日本将所有核污水排入海中，不到半年，整个太平洋都将面临高度辐射威胁，包括远在大洋另一端的美国。太平洋地区人民更是对日本该计划持反对意见。 日本作为《联合国海洋法公约》缔约国，有义务保护海洋环境。然而，在核污水排海方案的正当性、核污水数据的可靠性、净化装置的有效性、环境影响的不确定性等问题上，日本未能作出科学、可信的说明。 国际原子能机构技术工作组虽已三次赴日实地考察评估，但尚未就日排海方案的安全性给出结论，并且对日本提出诸多澄清要求和整改意见。在此情况下，日本仍执意推进核污水排海工程建设，这是极不负责任的行为。 太平洋不是日本的下水道，日本必须正视各方合理关切，在与周边国家等相关利益方和国际原子能机构充分协商后，制定合理的核污水处理方案。日本也要着眼长远，若只顾眼前，执意将核污水排放入海，不仅其自身，周边国家乃至全世界都将为之买单，其后果必将会危害数代人。  Fukushima water disposal by no means Japan’s own business By John Lee (ECNS) -- Japan has announced it will release treated wastewater from the wrecked Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the Pacific Ocean this year. Although Fukushima wastewater disposal affects global marine ecological environment protection and public health, Japan has turned a deaf ear to domestic and international opposition to dumping the contaminated water into the sea, treating the "global" matter as its own business. The Fukushima accident in 2011 had sent large quantities of radiation into the atmosphere and the Pacific Ocean, causing irreversible damage to the surrounding environment, and hundreds of thousands of people were forced to evacuate the area. South Korea still maintains its import ban on Japanese seafood from areas affected by the Fukushima nuclear disaster. On April 13, 2021, Japan announced it had decided to discharge contaminated radioactive wastewater in Fukushima Prefecture into the sea due to dwindling storage space, with the Japanese government and plant operator Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings Inc. promoting the release plan over the past year. The Japanese government argues that the water treated by an advanced liquid processing system, or ALPS, is safe and drinkable, which is undoubtedly fooling the public. In fact, the treated wastewater still includes a variety of radioactive substances and can’t be recycled once discharged into the sea, which will pose a great threat to marine ecology and ultimately endanger human health in the long run. Therefore, the discharge plan has been strongly opposed in Japan. According to a questionnaire conducted by The Asahi Shimbun, nearly 60 percent of mayors of 42 municipalities in Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures oppose the discharge plan. The National Fisheries Cooperative Federation of Japan has also repeatedly stated its opposition in public. The Japanese government believes that dumping Fukushima wastewater into the sea is the cheapest and most convenient solution, but neighboring countries and even the whole world will be at risk of nuclear pollution. The Pacific Ocean doesn’t belong to Japan and the wastewater flow along oceanic currents will surely break boundaries and endanger public welfare and the interests of neighboring countries and even the international community. The Korea Economic Daily reported that related research concluded that if contaminated water from Fukushima is released into the ocean, it would only take seven months for the contaminated water to reach the shores of Jeju Island, with the country's aquaculture and tourism suffering considerable losses. According to the calculation of a German marine scientific research institute, radioactive materials will spread to most of the Pacific Ocean within half a year from the date of discharge, and the U.S. and Canada will be affected by nuclear pollution. People in the Pacific region also oppose the discharge plan. As a participant of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Japan has the obligation of protecting the marine environment. However, it hasn’t offered a full and convincing explanation on issues like the legitimacy of the discharge plan, the reliability of data on the nuclear-contaminated water, the efficacy of the treatment system or the uncertainty of environmental impact. Though the IAEA has yet to complete a comprehensive review after three investigations in Japan, the Japanese side has been pushing through the approval process for its discharge plan and even started building facilities for the discharge. It is rather irresponsible for Japan to act against public opinion at home and concerns abroad. The Pacific Ocean is not a private Japanese sewer. The country must seriously heed the voices of the international community and make a reasonable plan for the Fukushima wastewater disposal after full consultation with stakeholders and international agencies. If it only seeks instant interest and insists on discharging the contaminated water into the sea, not only itself, but also its neighboring countries and the entire world will pay for the decision and several generations will be forced to bear the consequence. 
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